With continuous increase in industrialization and urbanization, a growing number of population in city communicated with Russian. By the end of 1940, there were up to 255 cities in Ukraine. Later on, the repressive methods had only accelerated the process. In 1930, Soviet was forced into industrialization and collectivization after the establishment of urbanization policies. Ukraine started its modernization after abolishing the system of slavery followed by the rapid process of urbanization started in the 19 th century. According to the Public Opinion Foundation (2002), in the regional centers of Ukraine, 75 percent of the population prefer to speak Russian (only 9 percent in favor of Ukrainian), while in rural areas, the majority of the population (65 percent) speak Ukrainian and only 18 percent speaks Russian. All students in Ukraine were taught in Russian. Owning to the rule of the tsarist government, Ukrainian has been regarded as one of the folk languages spoke only among illiteracy and peasants by the beginning of the 19 th century. Therefore, Ukrainian failed to become the official language of the country with the loss of independent statehood. But by the early 1930s, the Leninist national policy gave way to Stalinism, and thus again Ukrainian was stripped off its dominant role by Russian. Even before coming into power, Bolshevik put forward new policies aiming at equal rights for all ethnic minorities. Since then, Ukraine had not been promoted under the rule of the tsarist government until the rise of Soviet Union. In 1720, a law enacted by Peter I required that all published literature should be written in Russian. The Cause of Bilingualism in Ukraineīoth originated from ancient Russian, Ukrainian and Russian were initially formed along with other dialects in 14 th century owning to the separation of East Slav tribe and other states from 9 th century to 13 th century. Therefore, Ukraine could be regarded as a bilingual country.Ģ.2. Furthermore, the study of Russian and its culture are secured and promoted by organizations below: Russian Language and Literature Teachers Association in Ukraine, International Russian Language and Literature Teachers Association, Russian Academy in Ukraine, Russian Culture Foundation in Ukraine, The Cultural Creativity Alliance of Russian Journalist and litterateur, etc. Even without being recognized as the official language by state, Russian was considered to be the “official language” in the southern and eastern part of Ukraine from 2012 to 2018. They choose Ukrainian over Russian because of their ethnic identity. And thus the majority of the people who regard Ukrainian as their native tongue could speak fluent Russian as well. Based on a research took in 2008 around Ukraine by Gallup institute, 83 percent of the participants finished the research in Russian. The census took in 2001 showed that nearly 70 percent of the residents think Russian is not their mother language. Ukrainian and Russian are the most commonly spoken languages in Ukraine. The Coexistence of Two Languages in Ukraine The Analysis of Bilingualism in UkraineĢ.1. The article focuses on the analysis of bilingualism in Ukraine, namely Ukrainian and Russian, along with the cause and history behind the contemporary language situation in Ukraine.Ģ. Considering the fact that a significant part of the world’s population is living in bilingual environment, bilingualism has become one of the research focuses among linguists, ethnologists and cultural scientists. Currently, almost a quarter of the world community officially recognize two languages on their territory under the influence of migration, globalization, mass culture, war, the Internet, etc. Weinreich regards bilingualism as the practice of alternating the use of two languages. The definition of “bilingualism” was put forward in the middle of the twentieth century by the American scientist Weinreich.
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